Three years after the effective date of the EVFTA (August 1, 2020), Vietnam's general exports to the EU grown considerably. However, exports of agricultural, forestry and fishery products have failed due to technical barriers.

According to Mr. Dinh Sy Minh Lang from the Department of European and American Markets under the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Vietnam has exported nearly 128 billion USD of goods to the EU after three years of implementing the EVFTA. Accordingly, exports to the EU reached 15.62 billion USD from August 1 to December 31, 2020, which is an increase of 3.8% over the same period in 2019. In 2021, exports reached 40.12 billion USD, which is an increase 14.2%. In 2022, exports reached 46.8 billion USD. This figure has reached 25 billion USD from the beginning of the year to July 31, 2023.

However, exports of agricultural, forestry and fishery products to the EU within the last three years have not achieved the expected growth rate due to non-tariff measures such as sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) or technical barriers to trade (TBT). These factors have significantly restricted the export of Vietnamese agricultural products to the EU.

Most recently, the European Parliament (EP) passed a new bill that prohibits the import of goods related to deforestation activities in order to promote global efforts in combating climate change. Accordingly, this new bill will affect meat, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, soybeans, wood (including products that contain, are raised with or have been created from aforementioned products such as leather, chocolate, furniture), printing paper, rubber, charcoal from countries around the world. These, if found to be related to deforestation activities, will be banned from entering the EU.

Additionally, the European Green Deal, which aims to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and limit the use of natural resources, is posing numerous challenges to the export of Vietnamese agricultural products to the EU.

Agricultural and aquatic products are affected by the Green Deal as the EU establish a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to agriculture. Vietnamese businesses must meet new standards for sustainable farming and food production practices in addition to investing in new technology and changing production processes to minimize waste and reduce chemical use. The Deal also establishes requirements on ethics, food safety and labeling for seafood goods.

Additionally, the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) is another obstacle to Vietnam's export of agricultural products to the EU. The mechanism applies to the import of selected commodities and precursors with carbon-intensive output and the highest risk of carbon leakage such as cement, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity and hydrogen.

At the end of the Mechanism's transition period in 2025, the European Commission will assess the potentials of expanding CBAM's scope of activities to cover a wider range of products and services, including value chain and “indirect emissions” (e.g. carbon emissions from using electricity in the production of commodities). Consequently, CBAM will affect all agricultural, forestry and fishery products imported into the EU.

According to Mr. Remi Nguyen, Deputy Director of the French Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Vietnam, CBAM will be a significant challenge for businesses exporting goods to the EU, including businesses specializing in agricultural products.

Source: Vietnam Agriculture